Skiredj Library of Tijani Studies
Tattauna Iƙirari Game da Nasabar Shaykh Abu al-Abbas al-Tijani
Da sunan Allah, Mai Rahama, Mai Jinƙai.
Godiya ta tabbata ga Allah, kuma tsira da salama su tabbata ga shugabanmu Muhammad, mafi darajan halittun Allah, da kuma a kan iyalansa da sahabbansa.
Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, wasu masu suka suna tayar da ƙalubale game da nasabar Shaykh Abu al-Abbas Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī, Allah Ya yarda da shi. Musamman, wasu sun yi ƙoƙarin kalubalantar iƙirarin cewa nasabarsa tana kaiwa zuwa ga Imam Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, ta hanyar wani ɗa mai suna Ahmad.
Wadannan ƙalubale yawanci suna dogara ne a kan hujjoji biyu:
Cewa Imam Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya wai bai taɓa samun ɗa mai suna Ahmad ba.
Cewa zuriyar Imam ta wanzu ne kawai ta hanyar ɗa guda, wato Abdullah al-Ashtar, kuma cewa duk wata nasaba da take iƙirarin saukowa ta wani ɗa daban da haka, to lallai za ta zama ƙarya.
Sai dai bincike mai zurfi a cikin ilimin nasaba na gargajiya ya bayyana ƙwarai cewa waɗannan iƙirari a tarihi rauni ne, kuma manyan madogara masu ƙarfi suna karyata su.
Shin Imam Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya Ya Samu Ɗa Mai Suna Ahmad?
Daya daga cikin hujjojin da ake ta gabatarwa a wasu lokuta ta dogara ne da littafin Nasab Quraysh na Mus‘ab ibn Abdullah al-Zubayri, inda masu suka suke iƙirarin cewa sunan “Ahmad” bai bayyana a cikin sunayen ’ya’yan Imam ba.
Amma wannan ƙalubale yana yin watsi da wata ƙa’ida ta asali a binciken tarihi: rashin bayyana wani bayani a cikin madogara guda ba ya soke samuwarsa a cikin wasu madogarai, musamman idan malamai masu yawa kuma masu daraja sun tabbatar da shi.
Wasu fitattun masana nasaba da dama sun ambaci Ahmad a fili a cikin ’ya’yan Imam Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya.
Daga cikin mafi muhimmancin wadannan malamai akwai shahararren masanin tarihi kuma masanin nasaba na Andalus, Ibn Hazm (ya rasu 456 AH), marubucin shahararren aiki:
Jamharat Ansab al-Arab (The Compendium of Arab Genealogies).
Ibn Hazm ya jero ’ya’yan Imam a sarari, ciki har da Ahmad, ta haka yana tabbatar da cewa wannan suna yana nan a cikin al’adun ilimin nasaba da ake girmamawa.
Tabbaci Daga Hukumomin Ilimin Nasaba na Baya
Sauran malamai da ake girmamawa ma sun ci gaba da tabbatar da wannan nasaba.
Misali, masanin tarihi kuma masanin nasaba Abd al-Salam ibn al-Tayyib al-Qadiri, a cikin aikinsa Al-Durr al-Sani fi Ba‘d Man bi-Fas min Ahl al-Nasab al-Hasani, shi ma ya amince da nasabar, ya kuma goyi bayan lissafin gargajiya na ’ya’yan Imam.
Haka nan kuma, malamin Morocco Abd al-Kabir ibn Hashim al-Kattani, a cikin littafinsa:
Al-Shakl al-Badi‘ fi al-Nasab al-Rafi‘
ya bayyana a fili cewa Imam Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya yana da ’ya’ya maza bakwai. Ya lissafa su da sunaye:
al-Qasim
Abdullah al-Ashtar
Ali
al-Hasan
Ahmad
Ibrahim
al-Tahir
Wannan jerin yana tabbatar da kasancewar Ahmad a cikin ’ya’yan Imam.
Ƙarin Shaida Daga Waƙar Gargajiya Kan Nasabobin Sharifai
Wani ƙarin tabbaci ya bayyana a cikin wata waƙar nasaba da masanin tarihi Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Dilā’i (ya rasu 1141 AH) ya rubuta a cikin aikinsa Durrat al-Tijan wa Luqtat al-Lu’lu’ wal-Marjan.
A cikin wannan waƙa ya bayyana Imam Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, ya kuma ce yana da ’ya’ya maza bakwai, yana ambatonsu a baitoci:
al-Qasim
Abdullah al-Ashtar
Ali
al-Hasan
Ahmad
Ibrahim
al-Tahir
Wannan shaidar waƙa, wadda ta ta’allaka da tsofaffin al’adun ilimin nasaba, ta ƙara ƙarfafa tarihin da aka riƙa sani.
Shin Zuriyar Imam Ta Fitowa Ne Kawai Daga Ɗa Guda?
Da’awa ta biyu da masu suka suke yi ita ce cewa zuriyar Imam Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya ta wanzu ne kawai ta hanyar Abdullah al-Ashtar.
Amma maganganun manyan masana nasaba suna nuna cewa wannan da’awa ba daidai ba ce.
A cewar Abd al-Kabir al-Kattani, zuriyar Imam da aka tabbatar ta fito ne daga ’ya’ya maza biyu:
al-Qasim
Abdullah al-Ashtar
Ya kuma ƙara da cewa wasu malamai sun yi la’akari da yiwuwar cewa Ahmad ma ya bar zuriya.
Saboda haka, ko a cikin masana nasaba da suke takaita sassan zuriyar da aka tabbatar, an riga an amince da reshe fiye da ɗaya, abin da yake karyata iƙirarin cewa layin zuriya guda ne kaɗai.
Faɗaɗɗun Tasirin Wannan Da’awa
Idan aka amince da iƙirarin cewa Imam ya bar zuriya ta hanyar Abdullah al-Ashtar kaɗai, hakan zai soke nasabobin iyalai Sharifai masu yawa da aka sani.
Misali, wasu fitattun dauloli da iyalai—kamar wasu zuriyoyin Alawiyawa da Sa’adiyawa—suna danganta asalinsu ta hanyar al-Qasim, wani ɗa dabam na Imam.XXXXX
Haka nan kuma, asalin zuriyar babban khalifan Tijaniyya, Sidi al-Hajj Ali ibn ‘Isa al-Tamasini, shi ma yana dawowa ta wannan reshe.
Saboda haka, hujjar cewa layi guda kaɗai ne ya wanzu za ta yi karo da al’adun nasaba da aka yarda da su sosai a fadin duniyar Musulunci.
Shaidar Sidi Muhammad al-Hajjuji
Malam Sidi Muhammad al-Hajjuji al-Hasani ma ya tabo wannan batu a rubuce-rubucensa.
Ya tabbatar da cewa nasabar Shaykh Abu al-Abbas al-Tijani tana da alaƙa da Imam Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya ta wurin ɗansa Ahmad.
Ya yi bayani cewa wasu masu sukar (critic) sun yi ƙoƙarin jefa shakku a kan wannan nasaba ta hanyar cewa wai Ahmad bai wanzu ba ko kuma bai bar zuriya ba. Manufarsu, in ji shi, ita ce su shigar da ruɗani a tsakanin mabiya da masoyan Shaykh.
Sai dai irin waɗannan ikirari, malamai masu ilmin nasaba sun riga sun yi cikakkiyar amsa a kansu.
Martanin Masanin Nasaba al-Ifrani
Bisa ga Sidi Muhammad al-Hajjuji, shahararren masanin nasaba Sidi al-Hajj al-Husayn al-Ifrani ya rubuta ƙasida mai tsawo (risāla) wadda ta yi raddi dalla-dalla ga waɗannan zarge-zarge.
Al-Ifrani ya kasance mai girma ƙwarai a ilmin nasaba, kuma malamai a yankin Sous kullum suna komawa gare shi domin yanke hukunci na tabbaci a al’amuran nasaba.
A cikin martaninsa, ya binciki tambayar sosai, ya kuma gabatar da hujjoji masu ƙarfi na tarihi da dalilai da ke nuna sahihancin wannan nasaba.
Shari’a da Ta Tabbatar da Irin Wannan Nasaba
Wata muhimmiyar shaida kuma ta zo daga malamin Sidi Ahmad ibn al-Hajj al-Ayyashi Sukayrij.
Ya ba da labarin cewa a lokacin da yake aiki a matsayin alƙali a birnin El Jadida na Morocco, an kawo masa rigima tsakanin mutane biyu daga kabilar Abda. Ɗaya ya zargi ɗayan da yin ƙarya wajen ikirarin cewa shi Sharifi ne (mai nasabar Ahlul-Bayt).
Mutumin da ake zargi ya gabatar da takardu da ke tabbatar da nasabarsa. Da Sukayrij ya duba itacen nasaba, sai ya ga cewa ya yi daidai ƙwarai da nasabar da ake dangantawa ga Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī, tana kaiwa zuwa Ali ibn Abdullah ibn al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Jabbar, daga nan kuma zuwa Imam Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya.
Da ya gane sahihancin wannan nasaba, Sukayrij ya girmama mutumin, ya kare shi daga zargin, ya kuma amince da ingancin wannan zuriyar tasa mai daraja.
Asalin Kakannin Tijaniyya
Wannan binciken shari’a ya kuma tabbatar da ra’ayin wasu manyan malamai na Morocco da ake girmamawa, ciki har da:
Sidi Muhammad Aknasūs
Mawlana al-Arabi ibn al-Sayeh
Dukkanin malamai biyun sun yi ra’ayin cewa kakannin Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī tun asali suna zaune ne a yankin Abda na Morocco.
Daga baya, kakan Shaykh na huɗu ya yi hijira zuwa ƙauyen ‘Ayn Madi, inda ya yi aure a cikin kabilar Tijana. Zuriyarsa suka zauna a can har abada, kuma a tsawon lokaci aka fara danganta su da kabilar mahaifiyarsu da kuma ƙasar da suka zauna.
Ta haka ne a ƙarshe iyalin suka shahara da suna al-Tijani.
Amfani da Madogaran Tarihi Masu Zaman Kans u
Yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa hujjojin da aka gabatar a nan ba su dogara da madogaran Tijaniyya ba, sai dai sun dogara da ayyuka masu zaman kansu na ilmin nasaba da tarihi.
Wannan hanya tana da muhimmanci, domin masu sukar da ke ƙin karɓar al’adar Tijaniyya ba za su iya wofintar da waɗannan ambato a matsayin madogara masu nuna son ɓangare ba. A maimakon haka, hujjojin sun fito ne daga sanannun masanan nasaba da masana tarihi da aka amince da su a cikin faɗaɗɗiyar al’adar ilimi ta Musulunci.
Kammalawa
Sukokin da aka ɗaga a kan nasabar Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī ba su da goyon bayan tarin ilimin nasaba gaba ɗaya.
Masana tarihi da masanan nasaba masu izini da yawa sun tabbatar da cewa:
Imam Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya yana da ɗa mai suna Ahmad.
Zuri’ar Imam ba ta fito daga reshe guda kaɗai ba.
Nasabar da ke haɗa Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī da Imam ana ganinta kuma ana amincewa da ita daga malamai masu daraja na ilmin nasaba.
Idan aka bincika da kyau, tarihin da aka rubuta yana nuna cewa waɗannan sukoki sun ta’allaka ne a kan zaɓen karatu (selective reading) da shaidu marasa cika.
Saboda haka, nasabar Shaykh Abu al-Abbas Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī ta ci gaba da kasancewa a daure ƙwarai cikin sanannun al’adun nasaba na zuriyar Annabi Muhammad, tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi.
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