al-Ḥājj Malik Sy

Sidi Haj Malik Sy ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan fitattun mutanen Tijaniyya a Senegal kuma ɗaya daga cikin malamai da jagororin ruhaniya mafi tasiri a zamaninsa. Ya haɗa ilimin addini, tarbiyyar ruhaniya, rubuce-rubuce, koyarwa da jagoranci, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaɗa da ƙarfafa hanyar Tijaniyya a Senegal, musamman ta hanyar birnin Tivaouane.

Cikakken sunansa shi ne Sidi Haj Malik ibn Uthman ibn Muʿadh ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Julfi. Ya fito daga zuriyar Tekrour, wadda take cikin duniyar kabilun Fulani, musamman a yankin kogin Senegal, musamman kusa da Saint-Louis.

An haife shi a ƙauyen Gaya, yammacin Dagana a arewacin Senegal. An haife shi maraya, amma duk da wannan farkon rayuwa mai wuya, ya gaji daga mahaifinsa, wanda ya kasance babban malami, wata ɗakin karatu mai daraja cike da littattafai masu muhimmanci, madogara da rubuce-rubucen hannu masu wuya. Wannan gādon ilimi ya yi tasiri sosai a kan tarbiyyarsa ta farko.

Ya haddace Alƙur’ani tun yana ƙarami a Gaya, sannan ya yi karatun ilimomin Musulunci, harshen Larabci, adabi da sauran fannoni masu alaƙa da su a hannun wasu fitattun malamai a ƙasarsa. Ya kuma yi tafiye-tafiye a garuruwa da dama na Senegal domin neman ilimi har ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman Senegal.

Zuwansa Tivaouane ya faru ne bayan dattawa da manyan yankin suka nemi malami mai ƙwarewa a tafsirin Alƙur’ani, wanda zai iya koya musu su da ‘ya’yansu Alƙur’ani bisa madaidaicin tsarin ilimi. Da suka ji game da ilimi da matsayinsa, sai suka ci gaba da roƙonsa ya zauna a tsakaninsu ya yi koyarwa. Ya amince, kuma zuwansa a shekara ta 1318 bayan Hijira / 1900 miladiyya ya zama babban juyin juya hali a rayuwar addini da ilimi ta yankin.

Sidi Haj Malik Sy ya kuma kasance marubuci mai yawan aiki. Rubuce-rubucensa suna nuna yalwar iliminsa a fikihu, akida da aikace-aikacen Tijaniyya, harshen Larabci, adabi da mas’alolin shari’a. Daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa akwai:

Khulasat al-Dhahab, kan tarihin mafi alherin Larabawa

Hizb al-Yamani wa Ghayat al-Amani

Qantarat al-Murid

Al-Kawkab al-Munir

Rayy al-Zam’an, kan haihuwar shugaban zuriyar ‘Adnan

Fakihat al-Tullab

Wasilat al-Muqarrabin

Tabshir al-Ikhwan

Zajr al-Qulub

Wasilat al-Mujrimin

Wasilat al-Muna

wani risala kan tabbatar da azumi ta hanyar telegraph

wani risala a kan zakka

martani ga wani mai musun al-Asqam

martani ga wasu masu sukar ra’ayi

Ya karɓi hanyar Tijaniyya daga kawunsa na wajen uwa Alfa Mayoro, wanda shi kuma ya karɓa daga malami mai ma’rifa Sidi Mawlud Fal al-Yaʿqoubi, sannan daga shahararren kutub kuma mujāhidi Sidi Haj Omar al-Fouti. Wannan ya tabbatar da Haj Malik a cikin ɗaya daga cikin manyan silsilolin Tijaniyya a Afirka ta Yamma. Ta hanyar ƙoƙarinsa, hanyar Tijaniyya ta bazu sosai a Senegal da yankunan da ke makwabtaka da ita.

Ya rasu ranar Asabar, 5 Dhu al-Qiʿda 1340 bayan Hijira / 30 ga Yuni, 1922 miladiyya, a Tivaouane, inda aka binne shi. Maqbararsa tana nan har yanzu, kuma ana ziyartarta a matsayin wurin neman albarka.

Babban malami Sidi Ahmad Skiredj ya yabe shi ƙwarai. A cikin aikinsa Jinayat al-Muntasib al-ʿAni, ya bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka yi rubutu na ƙwarai kan hanyar Tijaniyya, kuma ayyukansu suna nuna a fili cewa marubucinsu yana daga cikin cikakku a buɗewar ruhaniya. Ya kuma jaddada cewa Haj Malik ya yi aiki sosai a tarbiyyar ruhaniya, ya horar da almajirai da yawa, ya yi hidima ga mutane da al’umma, ya kasance mai yawan ibada, kuma ya siffantu da rashin sha’awar dukiyar duniya.

Skiredj ya kuma yabe shi a cikin waƙa a cikin tafiyarsa Taj al-Ru’us, inda ya ambace shi da iyalinsa da ƙauna da girmamawa.

Daga cikin rubuce-rubucen Haj Malik, Fakihat al-Tullab yana da muhimmanci musamman. Ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan matanan koyarwa da aka sadaukar ga fikihu da ladabin hanyar Tijaniyya, yana tattara sharuɗɗa, wajibai da ƙa’idojinta cikin tsari. Ya zama babban littafin madogara, musamman a Senegal da ƙasashen da ke kusa, kuma almajirai da dama sun haddace shi kuma suka yaɗa shi sosai.

Wannan waƙa kuma ta bambanta saboda an gina ta a fili a kan tasirin Rimah na Sidi Omar al-Fouti. Ta bi wannan tsohon salo a tsarin rubutu, jigogi da hanyar bayanin akida, abin da ke nuna irin amincin Haj Malik ga al’adar ilimi da ruhaniya ta Tijaniyya a Afirka ta Yamma.

Saboda waɗannan duka, Sidi Haj Malik Sy ya tsaya a matsayin babban malami, mai tarbiyyar ruhaniya, marubuci, kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan ginshiƙan yaɗuwar Tijaniyya a Senegal, tare da gādon da ya ci gaba ta littattafansa, almajiransa da kuma ɗorewar tasirin ruhaniya na Tivaouane.