Al-Aḥsan al-Baʿqīlī

Tarihin Rayuwa

Sidi Lahcen Baaqili, wanda cikakken sunansa shi ne Sidi al-Ahsan Ben Mohamed Ben Abi al-Jama‘a al-Baaqili, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan fitattun malamai da jagororin ruhaniya na Tijaniyya a yankin Souss da ma a Maroko gaba ɗaya a ƙarni na ashirin. Ya yi suna saboda ƙaƙƙarfan ginshiƙin ilimi, zurfin fahimta ta ruhaniya, da yawan rubuce-rubuce a tasawwufi, tafsirin Alƙur’ani, hadisi, fikihu, usul al-fiqh da tauhidi.

Rayuwar Farko da Asali

An haife shi a Igdi, a ƙabilar Idaoubaqil da ke yankin Souss, a shekara ta 1301 bayan Hijira / 1881 miladiyya.

Asalinsa yana komawa ga waliyyi al-Hajj Belqassem, wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 971 bayan Hijira, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin kakannin iyalan sharifai na ƙabilar Baaqila. Silsilar danginsa tana kuma komawa zuwa gidan Annabi ta hannun al-Hasan ɗan Ali da Fatima al-Zahra, abin da ya ba gidansu matsayi na musamman a addini da zamantakewa.

Karatu

Ya yi karatu a hannun manyan malaman Souss. Ya fara ne da Sidi Ahmed al-Mafamani, sannan ya koma makarantar Iligh, inda ya yi karatu a hannun shahararren malami Abu al-Qasim at-Tajarmounti. Daga baya ya ci gaba a makarantar Bouabdeliya tare da masani a fikihu Sidi al-Mahfoud al-Adouzi.

Daga nan sai ya tafi makarantar Tazentout a yankin Idaoutanan, inda ya yi karatu a hannun Sidi Ahmed al-Bouzouki. Malaminsa ya ɗora masa nauyin koyarwa, yin huɗuba da jagorantar sallah tun yana ƙasa da shekara goma sha bakwai, abin da ke nuna irin amincewar da aka yi masa tun yana ƙarami.

Bayan haka ya yi ɗan lokaci kaɗan a makarantar Ikhlij a Ourika a hannun Sidi Ali al-Masfiwi, sannan ya zauna a Aït Wafqa domin ci gaba da karatu tare da babban malami Sidi Mas‘oud al-Wafqawi. Daga baya ya yi tafiya zuwa Fas, inda ya ci gaba da karatu na kusan shekara guda a Al-Qarawiyyine.

Dangantakarsa da Tijaniyya

Sidi Lahcen Baaqili ya shiga Tijaniyya a shekara ta 1321 bayan Hijira ta hannun malaminsa Sidi Ali al-Masfiwi, lokacin yana kusan shekara ashirin. Ya kuma karɓi hanya daga wasu manyan mashayakhan Tijaniyya, ciki har da:

• Sidi Haj Hussain Ifrani• Sidi Mahmoud, jikan Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī• Sidi Abdallah al-Qashash• da kuma sahabinsa na kusa Sidi Ali al-Isaki

Ya amfana musamman daga Sidi Haj Hussain Ifrani, wanda ya ba shi cikakken izini, da kuma daga Sidi Mahmoud, jikan shaykhin da ya kafa ɗarikar, wanda ya nuna masa kulawa da fifiko na musamman.

Ayyuka

Sidi Lahcen Baaqili ya rubuta ayyuka da dama a tasawwufi, tafsirin Alƙur’ani, hadisi, fikihu, usul al-fiqh da akida. Daga cikin sanannun rubuce-rubucensa akwai:

• Ira’at ‘Ara’is Shumus Falak al-Haqa’iq al-‘Irfaniyya• Ash-Shurb as-Safi min al-Karam al-Kafi ‘ala Jawahir al-Ma‘ani• Maqasid al-Asrar, aikin tafsiri mai juzu’i biyar• An-Nafha ar-Rabbaniyya fi at-Tariqa at-Tijaniyya

An buga wasu daga cikin ayyukansa, yayin da wasu kuma har yanzu suna cikin rubutun hannu.

Salon Iliminsa da Fannin Da Ya Fi Kwarewa

Rubuce-rubucensa sun fi fice saboda sahihancin salo na tasawwufi da kuma zurfinsu a batutuwa da suka shafi tarbiyyar ruhaniya, ladubba, zuhudu, ahwal, maqamai da haƙiƙanin ciki. Yana da ƙwarewa ta musamman wajen bayyana siraran ma’anoni na ruhaniya cikin sauƙi, ta yadda masu karatu iri-iri za su iya fahimta.

Ya kuma bunƙasa wata hanya ta musamman wajen kare hanyar Tijaniyya, inda ya rubuta cikakkun martani ga masu sukar hanya, yana amsawa da hujjoji da dalilai masu ƙarfi. Ana yawan ambaton aikinsa At-Tiryâq liman fasada qalbuhu wa mizajuhu a matsayin babban misali na wannan ɓangare na iliminsa.

Zamaninsa da Matsayinsa a Tsakanin Malaman Tijaniyya

Sidi Lahcen Baaqili ya rayu a wani zamani da ake yawan kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan albarka a tarihin Tijaniyya ta fuskar koyarwa, rubuce-rubuce da kare ɗarikar. Wasu marubutan baya ma sun bayyana wannan zamani a matsayin zinariyar zamani na Tijaniyya.

Ya kasance tare da manyan mutane irinsu:

• Sidi Mohamed al-Arabi Ben Sayeh• Sidi Haj Hussain Ifrani• Sidi Ahmed Skiredj• Sidi Mohamed Lahjouji• Sidi Mahmoud Ben al-Matmatiya

Waɗannan malamai sun yi aiki cikin cika juna, suna haɗuwa a kan girmama juna da kuma hidima ga hanya.

Rasuwa

Ya rasu da ƙarfe ɗaya na dare kafin Juma’a, a ranar 10 Shawwal 1368 bayan Hijira, bayan rayuwa mai cike da ilimi, koyarwa da hidimar ruhaniya. Yana da shekaru 67 a lokacin rasuwarsa.

Rasuwarsa ta jawo baƙin ciki ga malamai da jagororin ruhaniya, kuma mawaƙi Sidi Daoud Ben Abdelmounim ar-Rasmouki at-Tiyouti ya yi masa waƙar makoki, abin da ke nuna girman matsayinsa.

Gādo

Sidi Lahcen Baaqili ya bar babban gādon ilimi, ruhaniya da akida. Har yanzu yana daga cikin manyan marubutan al’adar Tijaniyya, ana tuna shi saboda zurfin fahimtarsa, fayyace bayaninsa, da kuma babbar gudummawar da ya bayar wajen bayyanawa, tsara da kare koyarwar Tijaniyya.